Spanish Past Participle
The Spanish Past Participle is crucial for forming perfect tenses and passive voice. It’s similar to the English past participle and is used with auxiliary verbs.
Formation:
-ar verbs: Add -ado
Hablar (to speak) → Hablado (spoken)
-er verbs: Add -ido
Comer (to eat) → Comido (eaten)
-ir verbs: Add -ido
Vivir (to live) → Vivido (lived)
Usage:
Perfect Tenses:
To indicate completed actions.
He hablado (I have spoken)
Hemos comido (We have eaten)
Passive Voice:
To describe actions done by someone or something.
La carta fue escrita (The letter was written)
El libro es leído (The book is read)
As Adjectives:
To describe the state resulting from an action.
Una puerta cerrada (A closed door)
Un libro agotado (A sold-out book)
Irregular Past Participles:
Some verbs have irregular past participles:
Decir (to say) → Dicho (said)
Hacer (to do) → Hecho (done)
Escribir (to write) → Escrito (written)
Ver (to see) → Visto (seen)
The past participle is essential for expressing completed actions and states, making it a key component of Spanish grammar.
